Curtin University

GrantConnect (Australian Government grants) · FY 2025 · 2025-01

High-Voltage Proton Batteries Operating at Ultralow Temperature Category: Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences (HASS) Research

GrantConnect (Australian Government grants) · FY 2025 · 2025-01

High-Voltage Proton Batteries Operating at Ultralow Temperature Category: Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences (HASS) Research

GrantConnect (Australian Government grants) · FY 2025 · 2025-01

Developing an Aboriginal community led framework to Fetal Alcohol... Category: Medical Research

GrantConnect (Australian Government grants) · FY 2025 · 2025-01

Measuring what Matters to Australian Mothers: The MMAMs Study Category: Medical Research

GrantConnect (Australian Government grants) · FY 2025 · 2025-01

Assess for Success: Transforming language and cognitive assessment and... Category: Medical Research

GrantConnect (Australian Government grants) · FY 2025 · 2025-01

Djiridji Koodjal 'Two Hearts' - Connection and cooperation between... Category: Medical Research

GrantConnect (Australian Government grants) · FY 2025 · 2025-01

Improving Outcomes for High-Risk Paediatric Leukaemia Category: Medical Research

GrantConnect (Australian Government grants) · FY 2025 · 2025-01

Thiol ligands modified Cu catalysts for high-rate CO2 reduction to... Category: Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences (HASS) Research

GrantConnect (Australian Government grants) · FY 2025 · 2025-01

Next-generation floating hybrid offshore wind-wave energy conversion... Category: Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences (HASS) Research

GrantConnect (Australian Government grants) · FY 2025 · 2025-01

Thiol ligands modified Cu catalysts for high-rate CO2 reduction to... Category: Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences (HASS) Research

ARC National Competitive Grants · FY 2025 · 2025-01

The new classic Indonesian arts: its emergence and exclusion. This project will document how local engagement with colonial and postcolonial heritage generated local knowledges and skilled local production of Hindu-Buddhist Dharmic arts in archaeologically rich locations across Indonesia. Despite the skillsets and knowledge within these communities, museums and archaeologists often miscast residents as unengaged and local artists as counterfeiters who undermine the provenance of classic Indonesian artefacts. This international action-research project will work with Indonesia’s new classic artists, their communities and heritage institutions and researchers to reposition local knowledges and arts industries as important contributors to Asian heritage and arts. Field of research: 4302 - Heritage, Archive and Museum Studies This research project challenges and updates conceptions of Asian heritage through connecting Australian institutions and people with the contemporary Indonesian communities producing artefacts. This project addresses the negative attitudes past collection practices generate towards Asian archaeological collections in Australia through careful collaborative work with Indonesian artisans to find practical ways for them to benefit from stronger alignments with heritage institutions in Indonesia and Australia. We will promote heritage methods and concepts that work in cross-cultural collaborations to inform and improve Australia’s international heritage initiatives through publicly available protocols. Undertaking this research addresses an ongoing colonial injustice, builds goodwill towards Australia, fosters international research collaboration between the two countries and generates engagement opportunities. Indonesian artisans will have the opportunity to share their art and knowledge, through an exhibition, a further exhibition proposal and co-authored publications, with Australian heritage institutions and the Australians who visit them.

GrantConnect (Australian Government grants) · FY 2025 · 2025-01

All-perovskite inorganic anion exchange membrane water electrolysis Category: Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences (HASS) Research

ARC National Competitive Grants · FY 2025 · 2025-01

Protonic ceramic fuel cells for operation under <400 °C. This project aims to address the poor efficiency of ceramic fuel cells at intermediate temperatures by developing new and advanced electrolyte materials. This project expects to generate new knowledge in the area of ceramic fuel cells at reduced temperatures using a new mechanism and material system. Expected outcomes of this project include the development of a new material system, the establishment of a new mechanistic study method, the elucidation of a new mechanism, and the breakthrough of the performance of ceramic fuel cells at intermediate temperatures. This should provide significant benefits for Australia’s emerging hydrogen industry across all levels of implementation. Field of research: 4016 - Materials Engineering To date, a fuel cell for hydrogen use that can effectively operate at 250~400 °C in Australia is still unavailable. This project is about applying a new mechanism and a new electrolyte material system in the protonic ceramic fuel cell (PCFC) to address this research gap. This project will realize efficient, robust, and economical use of hydrogen, which could help develop Australia’s bottleneck hydrogen use field, gradually reduce the reliance on non-renewable fossil fuels, alleviate related energy and environmental issues, create more jobs regarding sustainable energy technologies, and improve Australia’s competitiveness in the global carbon-neutral economy. Additionally, this project will succeed in lowering the operating temperature of PCFC to <400 °C, which can help expand the compatibility with inputs, strengthen the balance of the plant, and further reduce the system cost. Besides the academic contribution, cooperation with the hydrogen industry will be gradually established in the future since Australia has a great foundation for the future commercialization of PCFC.

ARC National Competitive Grants · FY 2025 · 2025-01

Thiol ligands modified Cu catalysts for high-rate CO2 reduction to ethanol. This project aims to revolutionize ethanol production to achieve high-current density CO2 electrolysis to ethanol in bipolar-membrane-driven CO2 electrolysers powered by renewable electricity. The project's ground-breaking advancements will encompass rational design and engineering of thiol ligands, elucidation of reaction mechanisms, potential breakthroughs in CO2 electrolysis. Outcomes include in-depth reaction mechanism understandings, demonstration of robust CO2 electrolysers and innovative materials engineering methods. The approach holds immense potential to transform the ethanol industry, foster economic growth, and contribute to a sustainable energy future. Field of research: 4004 - Chemical Engineering This project promises substantial academic contributions by advancing our understanding of surface modification in electrochemical CO2-to-ethanol conversion—an underexplored electrocatalysis field. These insights will have broader implications in various electrochemical conversion areas, including water electrolysis and electroreduction for ammonia formation. In the near term, it nurtures the next generation of Australian talent by training one PhD student and two honours students in catalyst design and CO2 electrolysis. Moreover, it leverages on Western Australia's transition metal resources, fostering growth in manufacturing and the chemical sector. Within 5-10 years the synthesis of cost-effective, high-performance Cu catalysts for ethanol production is expected to create employment opportunities and propel the development of ethanol storage, utilization, and export, potentially reaching a market size exceeding 2 billion AUD. This project aligns with Australia’s energy security and economic strength by producing ethanol from CO2 via renewables, contributing to the National Science and Research Priorities in Energy by addressing energy security and economic strength through renewable ethanol production from CO2. It also contributes to a cleaner energy future by addressing the goals of low emission fuels and technologies in the Transport sector and Australia's commitment to net-zero CO2 emissions by 2050, bolstering Australia’s long-term energy sustainability.

ARC National Competitive Grants · FY 2025 · 2025-01

Addressing alcohol use and injury in Australia's ageing population. Alcohol use in Australia’s rapidly ageing population is an enormous and growing public health challenge that can be reduced or prevented through evidence-based practice and policy. This research aims to build new knowledge that informs and enables alcohol policy change that maximises health and wellbeing and minimises the $67b annual health and injury burden of alcohol. This will provide major health and social benefits for an often overlooked population and sustainable economic benefits for governments and communities. Expected outcomes include a community-focused interactive visual online tool to address gaps in our knowledge and enable policy change to reduce alcohol’s major impact on older Australians, our health system and communities. Field of research: 4206 - Public Health Australia’s population is ageing rapidly and, despite a policy focus on young people’s drinking, there are concerning and persistent upward trends in alcohol consumption and alcohol-related harm among our over 50s. My research vision is to establish a new scientific evidence base of community-level information to educate communities, governments, advocates, health practitioners and policy makers about alcohol’s impact on injury in our ageing population. Outcomes will advance understanding of an unaddressed problem and inform targeted policy and practice responses to prevent and reduce avoidable injury. My research will enable change to address alcohol’s $184m daily social and economic burden in Australia, leading to major health and hospital savings for government, improved safety for communities and overall better health and wellbeing for individuals and their families. To enhance understanding, impact, translation, and adoption of research, I plan to extend reach of the findings by establishing a community-centric, consistently updated website to convey meaningful insights for diverse stakeholders into alcohol-related issues and injuries. The dissemination strategy encompasses tailored outreach efforts directed at community groups, policy practitioners, and decision-makers through a multifaceted approach that includes stakeholder engagement and strategic use of social and other media. My research will contribute to informed decision making and a positive impact on society.

ARC National Competitive Grants · FY 2025 · 2025-01

Green Lithium Mining from Granite Reservoirs. This project aims to understand lithium enrichment in granitic aquifers, a promising source of green lithium that is more economical and environmentally friendly to extract than hard rock lithium. The project will develop a mechano-geochemical theory to unravel how in-situ stress triggers lithium leaching and flow channel opening in granite. The expected results are a cutting-edge mathematical model and advanced experimental X-ray imaging demonstrations, which will inform a technology roadmap to unlock green lithium resources in Australia and strengthen Australia's leadership in critical mineral mining. Field of research: 4019 - Resources Engineering and Extractive Metallurgy Lithium is an essential metal for rechargeable batteries. Australia has the largest lithium exporting industry, earning $1.6 billion in 2022 and providing thousands of jobs. However, conventional hard rock lithium mining faces the challenges of high energy consumption for grinding rocks and billions of tons of mine tailing leftover. Failing to manage this challenge could result in high greenhouse gas emissions and pollution to water, land, and air. This project aims to overcome this challenge by identifying and developing green lithium mining, which extracts lithium from lithium-rich aquifers in granite reservoirs without milling rocks into a powder. Through developing a new theory and collaborating with Australia’s leading mining companies, this project can transfer knowledge to practical procedures and register intellectual properties (IPs) for green lithium exploration. This will enable Australia to unlock its green lithium resources and boost its market share in the burgeoning renewable energy era. Additionally, the method developed should have broad applications to other critical minerals in granite, such as uranium and rare earth elements (REEs). This project is committed to supporting a strong economy, resilient society, and sustainable environment for the interests of Australians.

ARC National Competitive Grants · FY 2025 · 2025-01

Critical and precious metals recovery from e-waste. The project aims to recover critical and precious metals from waste electronic printed circuit boards (PCBs) through a new and sustainable leaching process utilizing green organic ligands. Australia exports most of its waste PCBs after initial processing, with a significant loss of material value. The expected outcomes of this project include a new fundamental understanding of the chemistry behind coordinate leaching systems and the development of an eco-friendly, cost-effective, and industrially viable recycling process. The project will contribute to public health and environmental sustainability, create domestic waste processing capacity, and reinforce Australia’s obligation in the Basel Convention to avoid e-waste export. Field of research: 4019 - Resources Engineering and Extractive Metallurgy Australia is amongst the highest producers of e-waste per capita in the world. Most of this waste is either accumulated, landfilled, or illegally exported. This poses risks to human health and the environment due to the hazardous substances. Moreover, the Australian e-waste recycling industry focuses on low-value processing and its capacity to recover valuable metals is very limited due to the lack of viable technology. This project will collaborate with industry to deliver a new process that is suitable for economic recovery of critical and precious metals, contributing to public health and environmental sustainability, supporting the recent e-waste landfill bans, creating domestic waste processing capacity, and reinforcing Australia’s obligation to the Basel Convention by avoiding e-waste export.

ARC National Competitive Grants · FY 2025 · 2025-01

Next-generation floating hybrid offshore wind-wave energy conversion system. This project aims to integrate floating offshore wind turbines and wave energy converters into a unified system to concurrently capture wind and wave energy. The existing understanding of the coupled dynamics within this innovative system and the interactions between these two energy units is limited. This project intends to develop a reliable and effective method to predict the dynamic performances of the system under compound wind-wave-current fields and develop advanced vibration control technologies to ensure its workability and survivability under harsh environments. The outcomes will contribute significantly to the reduction of energy costs and foster harvesting integrated wind and wave technologies on both national and global scales. Field of research: 4005 - Civil Engineering Offshore wind and wave energy offer compelling alternatives to traditional fossil fuels. The offshore wind industry has experienced rapid growth worldwide, driven by falling costs and the significant increase in turbine size and project scale. Globally, 2030 targets for offshore wind total around 200 GW. Australia, with its extensive coastline, is in a transition towards cleaner and more sustainable energy sources and the offshore wind and wave energy sector is emerging as a promising and evolving field. While commercial wind farms predominantly consist of fixed foundation turbines in shallow waters (<60 m), Australia possesses substantial resources in deeper waters (>60 m), which are better suited for floating technologies. Due to the complex dynamics and challenging marine environments, the development of integrated floating wind and wave technologies is still in its early stages. This project will evaluate and enhance the dynamic performances of a system that combines a floating wind turbine with wave energy converters. The outcomes will be translated into a novel guidance method for industries, enabling the design of hybrid energy conversion systems to maximise power output, as well as effective protective technologies to mitigate the consequences of downtime and potential catastrophic structural failure. Through this project, Australia will take a leading role in renewable energy research, contributing to the global mission of achieving net-zero carbon emissions by 2050.

ARC National Competitive Grants · FY 2025 · 2025-01

High-Voltage Proton Batteries Operating at Ultralow Temperature. This project aims to develop proton batteries with higher energy density that are capable of stable operation at ultralow temperatures. Based on a first proposed all-phosphate electrodes-electrolyte configuration, this project develops a new category of transition metal phosphate electrodes and promotes their capability of fast charging and discharging at ultralow temperatures. The project develops methods to suppress side reactions, enabling high-voltage output of the proton batteries. The project is expected to provide an advanced understanding of the electrochemical process in the proton batteries. These outcomes will contribute to the positioning of battery research and the development of the mining and battery industry in Australia. Field of research: 4004 - Chemical Engineering Proton battery is a new alternative technology to a lithium-ion battery, which has lower manufacturing costs, better safety, and a good balance between capacity and instant power output. In previous research, the proton batteries have limited energy density due to the relatively low voltage output. This project aims to develop high-voltage proton batteries with higher energy density capable of stable operation at ultralow temperatures. The project outcomes include a new category of transition metal phosphate electrodes and an advanced understanding of the electrochemical process in proton batteries. The preparation and application of the new materials and proton batteries in this project do not involve chemicals or processes that have a significant negative environmental impact. The project outcomes have a high potential for technology adoption as they provide an alternative option for highly efficient, stable and safe energy storage, especially suitable for applications utilised in environments at ultralow temperatures. The production of the materials and the batteries does not require large investments for adapting available facilities in the battery and fuel cell industry. Subsequent technique adoption and commercialisation will contribute to enhancing the value-addition of mineral products from Australia’s world-leading mining industry and driving the economic development of Australia in the long term.

ARC National Competitive Grants · FY 2025 · 2025-01

Perovskites for thermochemical energy storage and greenhouse gas conversion. This project aims to develop a novel thermochemical looping method for converting methane and carbon dioxide, two prominent greenhouse gases, into value-added synthesis gas using renewable solar as energy input. The key lies in the exploitation of an innovative class of self-regenerative, nanoparticles-modified perovskite oxides with excellent activity and superior stability to serve as bi-functional catalysts for both methane partial oxidation and CO2 splitting. This project is expected to achieve both thermal energy storage and greenhouse gas upgrading with commercial opportunities. This should provide significant benefits to realise energy and environmental sustainability for Australia. Field of research: 4004 - Chemical Engineering The growing global energy demand and pressure to reduce greenhouse gas emissions are driving the development of clean energy materials and efficient energy conversion technologies. While natural gas is a well-endowed resource in Australia, the processes for converting it into more valuable chemicals while reducing CO2 emissions from the direct combustion of methane, are still lacking. In this project, by developing a novel chemical process called thermochemical looping, natural gas together with CO2, the two prominent greenhouse gases, will be converted into value-added synthesis gas which is a useful raw material for chemical productions. This proposed looping process is particularly valuable to Australia because Australia has abundant natural gas resources but is less competitive in the production of synthesis gas. The highly effective use of natural gas will enhance the long-term viability of resources and contribute to sustainable development in Australia. It will also offer significant environmental benefits to Australia by employing renewable solar power as the energy input and by reducing greenhouse gas emissions from the direct combustion of natural gas. Further technology adoption in subsequent research projects for scale-up production will extend the capacity of the Partner Organisation for cutting down CO2 emissions while producing value-added synthesis gas. The project outcomes will help Australia’s energy industry to transform toward a more sustainable pathway.

ARC National Competitive Grants · FY 2025 · 2025-01

It’s about time: critical minerals in carbonatite systems. Meeting global demand for critical minerals requires identifying fertile rock bodies, but this is hampered by not knowing the exact timing and processes of their formation. This project aims to close this gap by investigating Laacher See as one of the world's youngest carbonatites. Through accessory mineral uranium series dating and geochemical-microtextural analysis, it can be revealed at unprecedented precision when and how critical minerals including the rare earth elements are enriched during carbonatite evolution. Applying this knowledge to past episodes of carbonatite formation within Australia's crust improves assessing their resource potential. Detrital accessory mineral properties can then be better used to trace hidden resources. Field of research: 3705 - Geology This project aims to explore the resource potential of carbonatites, a rare type of magmatic rock often associated with economically significant deposits of critical minerals, notably rare earth elements. Rare earth elements are in increasing demand as crucial components in electric motors and generators, and are thus vital for Australia's net zero emission transformation. Discovering new carbonatite-hosted deposits within Australia’s continental crust is essential for securing future supplies. Understanding how and where these deposits form requires precise knowledge of the age of carbonatite magmatism. This project will employ innovative approaches in geochemistry and geochronology to investigate carbonatite minerals at the micro- to nanoscale. Through this, the timing and origin of carbonatite magmatism and associated mineralisations can be determined with unmatched accuracy and precision. Advancing knowledge on carbonatite magmatism is important for resource companies to devise new exploration strategies for hidden rare earth element deposits. These advancements hold particular economic and environmental significance for Australia, given its substantial mineral resources, leading mining technology sector, and commitment to green and renewable energy sources. Findings will be shared with industry stakeholders through conferences and internships with mining companies, facilitated by the Resources Technology and Critical Minerals Trailblazer programme at Curtin University.

ARC National Competitive Grants · FY 2025 · 2025-01

Unlocking the biodiverse recarbonising potential of Australian soils. This project aims to innovate the coupling of native plant diversity and carbon (C) sequestration to recarbonise degraded Australian soils. By combining an interdisciplinary experimental approach, modern analytical methods, and modelling, we expect to generate new knowledge about the effects of native plant diversity on soil C dynamics and stabilisation. Expected outcomes include identifying the biodiverse recarbonising potential of degraded Australian soils, improving soil and ecosystem health and functionality, climate adaptation, and resilience. Data generated from the project will show how native biodiversity and soil C sequestration offer a synergistic approach for conservation and nature-positive programs to benefit all Australians. Field of research: 4106 - Soil Sciences Our project investigates how native biodiversity, soil, microorganisms, and the environment interact in Australia’s semi-arid regions to enhance soil carbon storage. We aim to fill critical gaps in understanding how biodiverse ecosystems help cycle and store soil carbon, which is essential for sustainable land management and ecosystem resilience. This research offers significant benefits. Economically, it supports the Carbon Credit Unit scheme with a method to increase soil carbon storage through biodiversity, creating new commercial opportunities in soil health, ecological restoration, and climate change mitigation. Socially and culturally, it fosters community participation in landscape restoration, engaging Indigenous communities and deepening cultural connections to the land. Environmentally, the project aligns with national efforts like the National Soil Action and Nature Positive Plans, the Biodiversity Conservation Strategy, and climate mitigation initiatives. We will collaborate with Natural Resource Management groups and agricultural stakeholders to ensure a broader impact, integrating our findings into practical land management practices. We will promote our research through workshops, policy briefs, and digital platforms to achieve widespread understanding and adoption locally, nationally, and globally. This will ensure the project’s benefits are realised across various sectors, contributing to a healthier, more sustainable future for Australians and the planet.

ARC National Competitive Grants · FY 2025 · 2025-01

Investigating the enigmatic slowly repeating radio transients. The Australian sky has revealed a new celestial mystery: slowly-repeating Galactic radio transients. Our cutting-edge data processing and search algorithms, optimised for the vast fields-of-view and sensitivity of new radio telescopes, are unearthing a new population of these enigmatic objects. We propose to unravel their true nature by swiftly following up new detections with multiwavelength observations, and modelling the sources' evolutionary paths and magnetic field configurations. The expected outcome of this project will rewrite our understanding of the evolution of magnetic compact stellar remnants such as white dwarfs and neutron stars. Success would establish Australia as a leader in this new field of radio astronomy. Field of research: 5101 - Astronomical Sciences Australian researchers have discovered an exciting new kind of astrophysical object that has never been seen before: bright, slowly-repeating radio sources. The radio emission cannot be explained by current theories; one possibility is an unusual form of neutron stars, potential progenitors of the mysterious Fast Radio Bursts, that provide an extremely useful cosmological probe. This project will find more of these slowly repeating radio sources and follow them up using telescopes from around the world, to understand their nature. The proposal uses the unique capabilities of the Murchison Widefield Array and Australia Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder, radio telescopes located in outback Western Australia. The search will push the limits of the systems, testing observational and data-searching techniques which can then be used in the future Square Kilometre Array. These telescopes are top-level science infrastructure priorities of the 2016-2025 Australian Astronomy Decadal Plan, and this project is a low-cost way to expand the capabilities of existing investments, and make Australia a leader in this entirely new field of study, which is now an international hot topic. The novel astronomical discoveries we aim for will enhance international collaboration and, building on the proponents' already significant public outreach portfolio in television, radio, print and public events, further inspire public enthusiasm for STEM.

ARC National Competitive Grants · FY 2025 · 2025-01

Single-molecule electrostatics: low-power diodes and powerful sensors. The project aims to develop a technology that moves beyond the recent science of merging molecular and silicon electronics for a new class of low-power-consumption electronic components. These components will enable a platform for creating advanced electronics, such as energy-efficient microprocessors and ultrasensitive electroanalytical devices for chemical and biochemical analysis. The conceptual innovation is to integrate the electrical properties of semiconductors with the chemical and electrochemical diversity of organic molecules, using a carefully engineered combination of single-molecule electrical and electrochemical spectroscopy, with molecular electrochemistry, and silicon surface chemistry. Field of research: 3406 - Physical Chemistry Electrostatic forces underlie the silicon-based technology which is the foundation of our digitised society, and interactions between charged molecules are fundamental to all of chemistry and biology. This project will develop the science of single-molecule electrostatics: harvesting interactions between the electric field of a molecule and that of a silicon surface to create new electronic functionalities. Through innovation in single-molecule science, electrochemistry, microscopy and surface science the project will revolutionise electronic components for integrated circuits and diagnostic devices. Technological challenges addressed by this project include the high-energy consumption of current all-silicon electronics and the lack of point-of-care sensors capable of detecting rare but physiologically relevant biological molecules. Outcomes include building the instruments and the surface chemistry tools necessary to accurately orient molecules with respect to semiconductor electric fields, and will lead to the first room-temperature silicon-based superconducting diode as well as miniature health monitors capable of detecting trace-level hormones. These innovations will benefit the Australian electronics, bioelectronics and biotechnology industries.

ARC National Competitive Grants · FY 2025 · 2025-01

All-perovskite inorganic anion exchange membrane water electrolysis. This project aims to develop anion exchange membrane water electrolysers using all inorganic perovskite oxides as both the electrode and membrane components for the generation of green hydrogen. This project expects to generate new knowledge in understanding the structure-property relationships of perovskite oxide electrocatalysts and the hydroxide ionic conduction behaviours of perovskite oxide membranes under practical operating conditions, which are key to the water electrolysis technologies. This project is expected to improve the utilisation of renewable energy and promote the development of hydrogen research in Australia. This should provide significant benefits to achieve energy sustainability and carbon neutrality for Australia. Field of research: 4016 - Materials Engineering To expedite Australia’s transition to a competitive, carbon-neutral economy, developing advanced energy technologies with minimal carbon emissions is crucial. Hydrogen energy is particularly important for Australia’s clean energy future. While water electrolysis can produce hydrogen using renewable electricity from sources like solar and wind, it faces challenges due to the low efficiency, poor stability, and high costs of key materials. This project aims to overcome these challenges by developing advanced water electrolysis technologies using novel electrolyser devices made of a type of inorganic materials called perovskite oxides, which act as both electrode and electrolyte. These materials can be produced using non-noble metals abundant in Australia, benefiting the manufacturing and chemical industries. The project will fill critical research gaps by enhancing our understanding of how these perovskite materials perform under practical water electrolysis conditions, which is essential for advancing the technology and maximising the use of renewable energy in Australia. The success of this project is expected to position Australia as a key player in the global hydrogen market, opening new export opportunities. To maximise the impact, we will share our findings with industry stakeholders, policymakers, and the public through workshops, seminars, and partnerships, ensuring broad understanding and adoption of the technology.