UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE

ARC National Competitive Grants · FY 2016 · 2016-01

The processing of sensory information within cortical circuits. This project aims to improve our knowledge of neuronal activity during sensory perception and therefore shed light on overall brain function during behaviour. Understanding how dendrites receive and process this information is crucial to understanding brain function during sensory processing and perception. This proposal aims to characterise dendritic activity during sensory input and discover how this activity contributes to behavioural tasks. In particular, the project plans to investigate activity of different dendritic domains during sensory perception and sensory-based behaviour. The project seeks to improve our knowledge of the importance of dendrites in transforming information from the sensory environment and highlight the cellular and network mechanisms contributing to behaviour. Field of research: 1109 - Neurosciences

ARC National Competitive Grants · FY 2016 · 2016-01

Characterisation of membrane protein ubiquitination by MARCH ligases. The goal of the project is to understand how a family of enzymes called MARCHs regulate expression and localisation of immunoregulatory receptors within cells by post-translational addition of a small protein tag called Ubiquitin. The aims are to decipher the ubiquitination patterns produced by the MARCHs; identify the E2 ligases used by the MARCHs to produce distinct Ub codes; and apply a new proteomic pipeline to identify novel representative MARCH substrates in mice deficient in six different MARCHs. It is anticipated the project will reveal novel insights into a fundamental cell biological process of major significance for regulation of protein expression and trafficking in cells of the immune system. Field of research: 0601 - Biochemistry and Cell Biology

ARC National Competitive Grants · FY 2016 · 2016-01

Working at the margin: the consequences of non-standard employment. This project plans to use survey data tracking Australians through time to examine the impacts of non-standard employment on labour market outcomes and on their health and wellbeing. Around 40 per cent of Australian workers are in non-standard forms of employment. Such jobs are typically associated with job insecurity, unpredictable working hours, and limited opportunities for career progression, which can all negatively affect worker wellbeing and long-term employment prospects. But such jobs can also serve as a crucial entry point into the labour market, and for some workers may be a better match with personal preferences. Project results may inform current debates about the need for greater or lesser regulation of employment arrangements. Field of research: 1503 - Business and Management

ARC National Competitive Grants · FY 2016 · 2016-01

Alcohol management in Indigenous north Australia: policies and responses. Using mixed methods, this project aims to develop knowledge partnerships with Indigenous communities in three regions across northern Australia to build on understandings of how to respond to alcohol misuse more effectively, ensuring that alcohol is managed in ways that are relevant and useful to communities in a wide range of contexts. Alcohol is a major cause of social, legal and health concerns for Indigenous Australians. This has led to significant political involvement in the regulation of alcohol in communities where Australian Indigenous people live. Alcohol management plans have most recently been used as a central device for reducing alcohol-related harms, particularly in remote areas. The project case study results may provide significant benefit at the community level, empowering community groups to effectively engage in and respond to alcohol-related harms. Field of research: 1605 - Policy and Administration

ARC National Competitive Grants · FY 2016 · 2016-01

A real-time modelling of crowd dynamics for disaster prevention. This project aims to develop methods and technologies to enable urban planners to design infrastructures to ensure public safety in emergency situations and to enable emergency management to optimise effective response plans. Rapid population growth creates major challenges for urban management, which has a responsibility to ensure the safety of citizens in the case of emergencies. This project aims to develop a methodology to study pedestrian crowd dynamics under panic or extreme emergency conditions, using innovative experimental approaches with new multi-scale online simulation methods and optimisation techniques. The resultant methodology would support planning and prediction of pedestrian crowd movements based on data from past events as well as adaptive planning for live events as they unfold. Field of research: 0905 - Civil Engineering

ARC National Competitive Grants · FY 2016 · 2016-01

Decoding change of mind decisions and errors from brain activity in humans. This project intends to provide new insights into how the brain changes a decision to achieve better outcomes. Decision-making is rarely optimal, and in a dynamic world people must often change their initial decisions in order to avoid consequential errors. This project aims to investigate the neural mechanisms underlying such change-of-mind decisions and decision errors in humans. To this end, it plans to use novel decoding techniques to predict the evolution of change-of-mind decisions from brain activity while decisions unfold. This approach would clarify how quality of information, effort, and reward are integrated at a neural level to bias people towards changing their decisions. The expected results would provide an improved understanding of the neural dynamics of errors and how the brain corrects decisions online to achieve better outcomes. Field of research: 1701 - Psychology

ARC National Competitive Grants · FY 2016 · 2016-01

Regency Romanticism: Ireland, Britain and Australia, 1788-1848. This project aims to produce an interdisciplinary and transnational history of Regency culture, focusing on how Regency culture connected Ireland, Britain and Australia. It seeks to explore the relationship between the Regency and Romanticism in ways that advance the innovative approach for which Australian Romantic studies is internationally renowned. Exploring intersections between people, print media, sociable practices, architecture and visual representations, the project aims to provide a revisionary account of Regency Romanticism as a movement of contradictory energies and innovations, and as an initiatory model of global modernity that anticipates features of the mediatised culture of fashion, sociality and spectatorship of today. Field of research: 2005 - Literary Studies

ARC National Competitive Grants · FY 2016 · 2016-01

Interplay of Topology and Geometry in Polymeric Critical Phenomena. This project aims to develop new understanding of key topologically driven behaviour in complex polymers such as DNA. The mathematical modelling of the rich geometric behaviour of long-chain polymers and how they change their shape in response to the environment has provided a framework for our understanding of these ubiquitous molecules. Complex polymers such as ring polymers and DNA display topological properties such as knotting and linking. Recent experiments twisting DNA demonstrate novel phenomena precipitated by the interplay of topological and geometric properties. Using advanced mathematical and computational techniques, the project aims to explain how topological constraints and changes disturb key polymer behaviour. Field of research: 0105 - Mathematical Physics

ARC National Competitive Grants · FY 2016 · 2016-01

Developing the Dunnart as a Model Species for Marsupial Research. The project aims to develop a marsupial model capable of genome manipulations to take our understanding of marsupial biology to the next level. In doing so, the project would produce the first comprehensive transcriptome data defining early cell lineage specification in a marsupial. Combined with similar data from mouse and human, it would enable us to examine diversity in early mammals. In addition, it would identify cohorts of genes with fundamental roles in differentiation of the earliest cell lineages: trophoblast, pluriblast and hypoblast. The project may identify maternally localised transcripts with a marsupial-specific role in trophoblast–pluriblast specification, giving new insights into the fundamental pathways maintaining pluripotency in mammals and the evolution of the mammalian genome. Field of research: 0604 - Genetics

ARC National Competitive Grants · FY 2016 · 2016-01

Living apart together: how mobile work is transforming Australian homes. This project aims to provide important information about how mobile work is transforming Australian homes. Mobile working practices – where the labour force is away from their homes for days, or even weeks, at a time – are an increasingly essential but under-explored part of Australia’s economy. However, the social impacts on personal and family wellbeing are not well understood. This project aims to investigate the changes wrought by different sorts of mobile work on household life in Australia, with specific attention to personal and family wellbeing. It also plans to undertake qualitative research with stakeholders and households to identify the kinds of multifaceted support that might be required for this practice to flourish without negative impacts. Field of research: 1604 - Human Geography

ARC National Competitive Grants · FY 2016 · 2016-01

Bauhaus Australia: Transforming Education in Art, Architecture and Design. This project aims to examine the influence of Bauhaus-inspired émigrés on Australian cultural life. An under-examined but profound influence on Australian cultural history was the forced migration of émigré and refugee modernists from Germany and central Europe, who transformed art, architectural and design education from the 1930s to the 1970s. German and central European training, inspired by the Bauhaus, centred on systematic approaches to pictorial method and design, colour theory and art education, all underwritten by an all-encompassing social ambition. This project aims to provide a new cross-disciplinary history of modernism in Australia that shifts focus from solo contributions to the networks of education, where modernism’s impact was most public, widespread and influential. Field of research: 1901 - Art Theory and Criticism

ARC National Competitive Grants · FY 2016 · 2016-01

The costs of pheromone production. This project seeks to answer fundamental questions in sexual selection theory. Chemical communication plays a fundamental role in mate choice in most taxa, yet it is critically under-researched. Traditionally, the costs of pheromone production have been assumed to be low. How these ‘low-cost’ signals remain ‘honest’ remains a central question in evolutionary biology. This project intends to quantify the costs of pheromone production in two insect model systems with different modes of chemical communication, and to reveal the underlying physiological mechanisms that ensure signal honesty. This project expects to advance knowledge in the fields of chemical communication and insect immunology which may provide information useful to pest management. Field of research: 0602 - Ecology

ARC National Competitive Grants · FY 2016 · 2016-01

Community Gardening in Australia: A Nationwide Study. By researching community gardeners’ experiences, food gardening media and government policies through digital and sensory ethnography, interviews and textual analysis, this project aims to produce a nationwide qualitative study of community gardening in Australia. The rise of community gardens is of major significance, emerging as it does out of a broader range of concerns over the environment, health and wellbeing, food security, social inclusion, and community resilience. The intended outcomes of the project will provide an evidence base to enable the development of effective local, state and national policies on community gardening, and recommendations on how community, government, and media can work together to facilitate the expansion of sustainable lifestyles and wellbeing. Field of research: 2002 - Cultural Studies

ARC National Competitive Grants · FY 2016 · 2016-01

Human visual perception: Connecting genes, brain and behaviour. This project aims to reveal the relationship between genes, brain and behaviour in visual perception, where underlying brain activity can be decoded from electrical signals. Modern molecular genetics promises unprecedented insights into human psychology. But progress has been slower than expected because the brain mechanisms linking genes to behaviours are incredibly complex. Project results are expected to show how common variations in genes affect our brain's response to visual stimulation, and how this in turn alters our perceptual experience and behavioural reactions. These discoveries aim to cast new light on the architecture and development of the mind, and provide a new model for investigating the genetic basis of other psychological traits. Field of research: 1701 - Psychology

ARC National Competitive Grants · FY 2016 · 2016-01

Experimentally validated multiphase mathematical models of leg ulcers. The project is designed to develop mathematical models of the complex biological processes of leg ulcer formation and healing. The project intends to combine mathematical techniques from fluid dynamics, mathematical biology, numerical analysis and statistical inference to develop novel, multiphase, validated mathematical models that capture the complex spatiotemporal evolution of cellular and chemical species during the formation and healing of a leg ulcer – biological processes which are currently poorly understood. The mathematical models are expected to provide new insight into the underlying biological mechanisms of leg ulcers and may ultimately improve management of chronic wounds. Field of research: 0102 - Applied Mathematics

ARC National Competitive Grants · FY 2016 · 2016-01

Urban Analytics Data Infrastructure. Urban analytics data infrastructure: This project aims to develop an urban analytics data infrastructure that builds on the Australian Urban Research Infrastructure Network. This digital data infrastructure intends to enable the integration, harmonisation, connectivity and scalability of multi-source urban datasets. This infrastructure is required to underpin the next generation of data-driven modelling and decision-support tools to enable the design of smart, productive and resilient cities. These capabilities are predicated on the adoption of ISO standards, development of new ontological frameworks and an urban data dictionary to enable semantic inferencing of datasets and the development of data structures and services. This framework would then be applied to data relevant to people, land and urban infrastructure to support comparative and multi-dimensional analytics. Field of research: 1205 - Urban and Regional Planning

ARC National Competitive Grants · FY 2016 · 2016-01

Understanding how pore-forming proteins punch holes in membranes. This project aims to unravel missing molecular details of how a major superfamily of proteins is able to drill holes in cell membranes. Animals, plants, fungi and bacteria all use pore-forming proteins as cell-killing weapons of mass destruction. Despite their lethal nature and their roles in infection and immunity, how these proteins work remains enigmatic. Project outcomes could reveal novel mechanisms general to these essential proteins and provide fundamental insights in understanding vital physiological processes across all kingdoms of life. Ultimately, the knowledge gained may prove useful in the engineering of membrane pores as highly specific sensors for a variety of molecules with nanotechnology and biotechnology applications. Field of research: 0601 - Biochemistry and Cell Biology

ARC National Competitive Grants · FY 2016 · 2016-01

Understanding Droplet Interactions in Solvent Extraction. The aim of this project is to develop an understanding of how organic drops behave in a water phase. This would enable a new generation of more detailed mechanistic models to be used to optimise the performance of Australia’s large investment in solvent extraction technology. The solvent extraction industry is undergoing a transformation with the introduction of short-contact-time contactors to reduce solvent inventory and a change to more sustainable solvents. The project aims to develop efficient and innovative contactors for this industry and to develop confidence in the application of new contactor technology offering enhanced competitive performance to Australia's minerals industry. Field of research: 0904 - Chemical Engineering

ARC National Competitive Grants · FY 2016 · 2016-01

Towards higher rank logarithmic conformal field theories. This project aims to expand our knowledge of logarithmic theories. Conformal field theory provides powerful methods for attacking problems in theoretical physics and furnishes beautiful connections between seemingly disparate branches of pure mathematics. Advancing these theories is crucial to progress in statistical mechanics, string theory and various mathematical disciplines. Expected outcomes include a detailed formalism for systematically and rigorously analysing a wide variety of logarithmic conformal field theories so as to facilitate applications. Field of research: 0105 - Mathematical Physics

ARC National Competitive Grants · FY 2016 · 2016-01

Using species distribution models to make robust conservation decisions. Species distribution models inform numerous conservation decisions, from planning reserves and managing biological invasions to assessing climate change impacts. While it is often vital to predict where suitable conditions for a species occur, many applications disregard uncertainty, leading to unexpected and potentially unacceptable outcomes. This project aims to provide a definitive guide to using species distribution models in conservation decision-making by integrating ecological and statistical thinking with decision theory. It seeks to describe how to explore the sources of uncertainty and their impact, develop approaches to reducing uncertainty, and evaluate the effects of uncertainty from the decision viewpoint in order to assist more robust conservation decision making. Field of research: 0502 - Environmental Science and Management

ARC National Competitive Grants · FY 2016 · 2016-01

Insight from Darkness: Nanophotonics for real-time phase imaging. This project aims to develop ultrathin surfaces patterned on the nanoscale for extracting information from optical wavefields. These devices can be designed to provide real-time phase contrast imaging of transparent objects. This capability would open up the possibility of live-cell imaging with no expensive optical components and no, or minimal, computational post-processing. The planar configuration is designed to be compatible with next-generation lab-on-a-chip technologies and permit rapid throughput diagnostics with potential applications in biomedicine and materials science. Expected project outcomes may also underpin fundamental advances in understanding the interaction of light with nanostructures. Field of research: 0205 - Optical Physics

ARC National Competitive Grants · FY 2016 · 2016-01

Maximising the benefit of emerging technologies for ecological survey. This project aims to provide a framework for designing effective and efficient ecological surveys. Scientists, governments and conservation agencies rely on ecological surveys to inform their species management decision-making. Advances in survey methods may improve efficiency but they are risky until they are tested. This project aims to build a framework that optimally allocates resources among different survey methods over time. The framework would advance the theory of ecological survey design by addressing uncertainty in detection, and improve understanding of emerging methods such as eDNA sampling, drones and sniffer dogs. The project plans to use the framework to develop the best schedule for introducing new methods to four environmental management problems in Australia and the United States. Field of research: 0502 - Environmental Science and Management

ARC National Competitive Grants · FY 2016 · 2016-01

Predicting environmental extremes in a period of climate change. This project has the potential to reduce the uncertainty in the predictions of extreme winds and waves used to design and operate coastal and offshore facilities. Predictions are typically achieved by extrapolating recorded data to predict probable extremes. The uncertainties associated with this approach are very large. This project aims to develop a new approach called ‘large ensemble aggregate’ analysis, which brings together data from alternative model predictions or alternative measurement locations to expand the effective data and avoid the necessity for statistical extrapolation. This approach may significantly reduce the uncertainty in estimating extreme values. This would reduce the cost of constructing coastal and offshore facilities and decrease the risk of catastrophic failure. Field of research: 0911 - Maritime Engineering

ARC National Competitive Grants · FY 2016 · 2016-01

Protein Kinase Regulatory Switches: Decision-Making in the Nucleus. This project plans to examine new regulatory mechanisms for an important signalling enzyme in the cell nucleus. It aims to define how this enzyme enters the nucleus, to characterise new modifications that affect its actions, and to establish how a conserved nuclear protein may provide an unexpected regulatory platform to send nucleus-initiated signals back to the cell cytoplasm. This reverse signalling is a novel mechanism for integrating nuclear actions that has the potential to create a signal transduction circuit triggered by environmental or genetic factors. This information is crucial in defining the molecular logic of signalling events that may be ultimately targeted to control cell growth, differentiation and survival. Field of research: 0601 - Biochemistry and Cell Biology

ARC National Competitive Grants · FY 2016 · 2016-01

Campus: Building Modern Australian Universities. This project plans to examine the post-World War Two evolution of the Australian university campus. Modern campuses created opportunities for the realisation of innovative solutions in urban planning, architecture and landscape. The project plans to reveal the physical impacts of political, institutional, social and cultural demands through comparative thematic investigation, digital visualisation and detailed case studies. Foregrounding landscape and site, the project aims to establish new historical knowledge, identify campuses as catalysts for urban thinking, and demonstrate strategies for their conservation and adaptation to meet future needs in the tertiary sector. Field of research: 1201 - Architecture