UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE

ARC National Competitive Grants · FY 2017 · 2017-01

International study of mathematics teacher learning. This project aims to study teacher in-class learning for the improvement of teaching. Teachers learn from the act of teaching a lesson. Do teachers in different countries attend to different things and what do they learn from teaching a lesson? This project will create controlled conditions using purposefully-designed and trialled lesson plans to investigate the process of teacher knowledge construction. This project combines focused case studies and an online survey of mathematics teachers’ selective attention and consequent learning in Australia, China and Germany. This project is expected to optimise teacher learning during the design and teaching of lessons. Field of research: 1303 - Specialist Studies In Education

ARC National Competitive Grants · FY 2017 · 2017-01

Molecular insights into bacterial metal ion homeostasis and toxicity. This project aims to measure bacterial cellular metal concentrations, elucidate mechanisms cells use to adapt to changing extracellular metal concentrations, and reveal the molecular targets of metal toxicity. Metal ions are essential to all forms of life, and half of all proteins use metal ions for cellular chemical processes. However, how cells precisely balance sufficient metal ions for essential cellular chemistry without accumulating a toxic excess (metal homeostasis) is poorly understood. Discovering the roles of metal ions in bacterial cells will be key to defining the chemical biology of living systems and will provide information essential to understanding how microbes adapt to changing environments. Field of research: 0605 - Microbiology

ARC National Competitive Grants · FY 2017 · 2017-01

Culturally inclusive language assessments for Indigenous Aboriginal students. This project aims to improve the literacy outcomes for Aboriginal students. It focuses on the assessment of oral language, the foundation for written literacy skills, and the mode of communication most common for this student cohort. The project will collect school-based oral language data from rural and remote educational sites and use it to develop supplementary assessment tools for multilingual education. The assessment tools will be validated in workshops with teachers and expanded with descriptors for assessing Aboriginal students’ communicative competence. The project aims to improve educational outcomes for rural and remote Aboriginal students. Field of research: 1303 - Specialist Studies In Education

ARC National Competitive Grants · FY 2017 · 2017-01

Learning to tell a narrative in Murrinhpatha. This project aims to examine the linguistic, social, and cognitive stages of children’s narrative development in Murrinhpatha, an Indigenous Australian language spoken in Wadeye. Until they encounter the bilingual education system at primary school, the children of Wadeye grow up in a largely monolingual Murrinhpatha environment. The research will examine how children structure narratives in this typologically unusual language. It will provide insights into how information interacts with linguistic complexity, cognitive constraints and social interaction. This project aims to maintain the vitality of Murrinhpatha in the community and contribute to the development of bilingual education programmes. Field of research: 2004 - Linguistics

ARC National Competitive Grants · FY 2017 · 2017-01

The effect of acquiring a disability in adulthood. This project aims to analyse the effect the acquisition of a disability in adulthood has on subsequent socio-economic circumstances (employment, housing, education, income, social capital, wealth) and wellbeing. Researchers from epidemiology, econometrics and statistics will use longitudinal data to model the patterns of disability and subsequent socio-economic and health circumstances over time. The methods aim to make causal statements and provide a template for research and evaluation in this field. Outcomes are expected to set priorities for action to improve socio-economic conditions, productivity and health for people with disabilities. Field of research: 1117 - Public Health and Health Services

ARC National Competitive Grants · FY 2017 · 2017-01

How calcium makes the heart grow. This project aims to develop a mathematical model of calcium signalling in heart cells to understand how calcium makes the heart grow. Our hearts grow to adapt to long-term changes, such as during development and in pregnancy or heart disease. Biochemical reactions involving calcium control the growth of heart cells and heart cells also use calcium signalling to trigger contraction with each beat. How calcium controls the heartbeat and regulates cell growth is unknown. This project will develop a new mathematical model of calcium signalling in heart cells to understand important cellular adaption processes. This knowledge will lead to the ability to independently control cellular pathways mediated by calcium, opening new avenues in biotechnology and biomedicine. Field of research: 0102 - Applied Mathematics

ARC National Competitive Grants · FY 2017 · 2017-01

Satellite measurements of ocean wave breaking. This project aims to develop a methodology for global satellite measurements of ocean wave breaking and determine global trends. Measurements of ocean wave breaking are elusive and not available at global scale, but are important for understanding ocean wave dynamics, air-sea interaction, aerosol production, gas transfer, ocean mixing, climate, and other coupled dynamics in the air-sea system, and designing and operating coastal and offshore facilities. This project will produce major updates of wave and General Circulation Models which will be important for our understanding of wave, ocean and climate dynamics, the design and operation of coastal and offshore facilities and the determination of global trends. The new satellite sensing is expected to be used extensively in metocean and engineering applications, and for major updates of wave and general circulation models. Field of research: 0911 - Maritime Engineering

ARC National Competitive Grants · FY 2017 · 2017-01

Atomic scale imaging with high coherence electrons and ions. This project aims to combine a cold atom electron-ion source with a commercial microscope column for atomic-scale imaging in biosciences and materials science. Nanoscale imaging with electron and ion microscopy are tools for investigating the world at the atomic scale, underpinning development in modern technologies from semiconductor devices to medical treatments. This project will use ideas from laser cooling of atoms and atom optics to achieve new imaging modalities for time-lapse imaging of fundamental processes at the nano-scale. It will allow increasingly small scale resolution of fundamental processes at the nano-scale. Field of research: 0202 - Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics

ARC National Competitive Grants · FY 2017 · 2017-01

A bio-inspired lightweight composite system for blast and impact protection. This project aims to develop a lightweight armour system that protects structural elements from extreme loads. Every day around the world, accidental and deliberate loads cost billions of dollars in damage and loss of life. The project’s composite system can concentrate material into areas most needed under impact loads and absorb and mitigate energy under blast. The anticipated outcomes of this project should be directly applicable to designing, assessing and strengthening structures, including civilian buildings, defence structures, bridges and offshore and industrial facilities. Field of research: 0905 - Civil Engineering

ARC National Competitive Grants · FY 2017 · 2017-01

DNA methylation in insect social evolution. This project will investigate the evolutionary relationship between DNA methylation and the advanced sociality displayed by bees, ants and wasps. The project will map DNA methylation across the social insects and test whether it has coevolved with sociality. It will also determine how a vital social cue, the queen pheromone, influences the worker methylome. Finally, it will apply quantitative genetic and methylomic methods to wild insects, revealing patterns of selection and inheritance in epigenetic and phenotypic traits. By combining genomic and evolutionary methods, the project will advance the ongoing debate about the importance of methylation to sociality and extreme phenotypic plasticity. It will contribute to a quantum leap in our understanding of DNA methylation and sociobiology and mark the first application of quantitative genetics to wild insects. Field of research: 0604 - Genetics

ARC National Competitive Grants · FY 2017 · 2017-01

Food system resilience in Indonesia: A moral economy approach. This project aims to understand and enhance food security in Indonesia and beyond. It examines culture-specific moral concepts, embedded in food systems and daily practices, that affect food security. For 60 years, the dominant approach to food security has been to boost supply by industrialising agriculture and liberalising trade, but this market-based approach has failed. One billion people are food insecure. The project will conduct case studies of three food systems to examine how moral economies ameliorate market failures locally and how different rural development programs disrupt or enhance their capacity to do so. The data produced could inform food security-friendly development of trade policies and provide the evidence base for UN efforts toward a global food solidarity pact. Field of research: 1601 - Anthropology

ARC National Competitive Grants · FY 2017 · 2017-01

Supercharging antioxidant capacity. This project aims to deliver improved, tailor-made antioxidants that can better protect key biomolecules and other materials against collateral damage from oxidants within cells. Through fundamental chemistry research, this project aims to understand the relationship between antioxidant capacity and molecular structure, and, through computational chemistry, develop a predictive tool. This, in turn, will provide the means to design molecules that better protect against oxidative processes. The expected outcome is improved technology to heal tissue damage and inflammation caused by enzymes. Field of research: 0305 - Organic Chemistry

ARC National Competitive Grants · FY 2017 · 2017-01

A Baroque Archbishop in colonial Australia: James Goold (1812-1886). This project aims to investigate the cultural vision of the first Catholic Archbishop of Melbourne, James Goold (1812-1886), whose architectural patronage changed Melbourne. An Irishman educated in Italy, Goold was a passionate collector and missionary bishop. He imported a library and late Italian Baroque paintings to convey the intensity of European religious experience. When Goold was appointed to Melbourne, it was a provincial town, but the discovery of gold and the commissioning of St Patrick's Cathedral made Melbourne an international metropolis. The project will examine Goold’s collection and communicate the results through an exhibition and conference. The research may change our understanding of the narratives of Colonial Australia. Field of research: 1901 - Art Theory and Criticism

ARC National Competitive Grants · FY 2017 · 2017-01

Algorithms for multi-scale problems in science and engineering. This project aims to develop theoretical formulations and algorithms for modelling fundamental problems in molecular electrostatics, dispersion force theory, acoustics and electromagnetic scattering in applications where current approaches may be useless. Many engineering applications, from microelectronics to bioengineering devices, need to operate across dimensions from a few millimetres down to a million times smaller. This large range of length scales means traditional modelling tools and computational techniques will rapidly become intractable. This project will meet this need to strengthen the Australian technological skill base and contribute to innovations in areas ranging from bioengineering to nanotechnology. Field of research: 0306 - Physical Chemistry (Incl. Structural)

ARC National Competitive Grants · FY 2017 · 2017-01

Nanophotonic pixels for subwavelength imaging on a chip. This project aims to develop a nanophotonic pixel technology in complementary metal-oxide semi-conductor (CMOS) chips to bypass the resolution limitations for direct optical imaging and enumeration of submicron sized specimens in lab-on-chip imaging applications. Lab-on-chip imaging technology is a promising point-of-care technology, where the specimen is placed directly on a CMOS chip for imaging without using labels or chemicals and with no intervening optical components. The technology arising from the research will ultimately allow new devices to be developed, expanding the uses for lab-on-chip and potentially changing the way in which front-line medicine is practiced. Field of research: 0906 - Electrical and Electronic Engineering

ARC National Competitive Grants · FY 2017 · 2017-01

Eco-colonial Australian literature and the shaping of Australia’s environmental consciousness. This project aims to consider how colonial Australian literary writing shaped Australia's environmental consciousness. It will explore how colonial Australian literature expressed ecological issues: questions of land clearance, species classification, habitat, extinction, climate change and the effect of environmental disasters. By examining colonial Australian literary writing, natural historians’ works and debates about the management of resources, this project expects to reveal our literary past and add historical depth to current environmental concerns in Australia. Field of research: 2005 - Literary Studies

ARC National Competitive Grants · FY 2017 · 2017-01

Self-healing maps: Protecting maps through automatic updating processes. This project aims to expand our ability to automatically integrate real-time data in map databases of high integrity. Our ability to sense the environment in real-time dramatically exceeds our ability to automatically and reliably integrate mapped data. The quality assurance of map data is a lengthy process, leading either to outdated or low integrity maps. Emergency responders, traffic services and the public then act on map data that cause delays and disturbances. This project intends to deliver self-healing mechanisms inspired by the human immune system, which protect maps from erroneous or malicious data, and detect and correct inconsistencies. Field of research: 0909 - Geomatic Engineering

ARC National Competitive Grants · FY 2017 · 2017-01

Making human place knowledge digestible by computers. This project aims to develop the tools that will enable people to interact intuitively with computers about places and the relations between places. People understand their environment in a different way to computers; they think of places and their relations, while computers use coordinates and maps. People’s interaction with maps is cognitively costly and error-prone, which is becoming untenable in situations needing time-critical decision making. The project will revolutionise the design of information services where computers deal with humans and location in time-critical or stressful situations, including emergency calls, disaster response and local search queries. The uptake of this design by industry will lead to economic benefits as well as a safer society living in a smarter environment. Field of research: 0909 - Geomatic Engineering

ARC National Competitive Grants · FY 2017 · 2017-01

Molecular and cellular regulation of ovarian development. This project aims to understand cell fate decisions during ovarian development. While scientists understand the decision to differentiate into a male-specific cell type, they do not understand differentiation into female-specific cell types. This team has identified marker genes that distinguish between different female cell types in the developing ovary, and will analyse the molecular and cellular mechanisms that drive the development of the ovary. This could provide a deeper understanding of how genes influence cell fate decisions during embryogenesis, and the technologies developed here will be widely applicable in biotechnological research. Field of research: 0604 - Genetics

ARC National Competitive Grants · FY 2017 · 2017-01

Environmental polymer degradation. This project will use the powerful combination of mass spectrometry and computational chemistry to tease out key aspects of polymer degradation mechanisms under environmental conditions. Society increasingly relies on manufactured polymers but polymer lifespan and fossil fuel reserves are limited. Design principles are needed to guide the synthesis of durable polymers for applications from paints to protective coatings in photovoltaic cells. This project will establish appropriate guidelines and provide the scientific foundation for the synthesis of robust, long-lasting polymers, or polymers that decompose without damaging the environment. This will deliver significant economic and environmental benefits to an industry sector that contributes about 12 per cent of total Australian manufacturing. Field of research: 0305 - Organic Chemistry

ARC National Competitive Grants · FY 2017 · 2017-01

Enhancing single-molecule magnets. This project aims to design, synthesise and investigate single-molecule magnets that can function at higher temperatures for use in quantum computing and molecular spintronics. Materials science increasingly benefit from molecular approaches, and lanthanoid-based single-molecule magnets could achieve otherwise inaccessible technological developments such as the development of molecular materials for quantum computing and molecular spintronics. Advances in fundamental chemistry are anticipated, and this project is expected to benefit Australia's participation in related high-end technology industries. Field of research: 0302 - Inorganic Chemistry

ARC National Competitive Grants · FY 2017 · 2017-01

Development of far Infrared multispectral thermal image sensors . This project aims to develop a technology that will bypass limitations of existing thermal-image sensor pixels to produce multi-spectral imaging of objects with specificity, clarity and sharpness in a wide range of far infrared wavelength regions. This technology has applications in remote sensing, pest control, and precision agriculture. The project is based on an existing collaboration between The University of Melbourne and the start-up company Digital Falcon. Digital Falcon provides extensive industry service in developing custom image analysis algorithms and post processing to visualisation tools. The University of Melbourne provides research expertise in image sensor pixel technology and sensor electronics. Field of research: 0906 - Electrical and Electronic Engineering

ARC National Competitive Grants · FY 2017 · 2017-01

New fertiliser technologies for sustained food security. This project aims to provide fundamental research to develop next-generation fertiliser products that will improve nitrogen use efficiency, and reduce nitrogen losses in food production systems. It will achieve this goal through a multidisciplinary approach combining experts in synthetic and free radical chemistry, chemical engineering and soil science, with a strong commitment from a fertiliser industry partner. Society is facing the triple challenges of food security, environmental degradation and climate change The availability of new, highly-efficient fertilisers is critical for addressing these challenges, and for the competitive advantage of the Australian fertiliser industry. Field of research: 0305 - Organic Chemistry

ARC National Competitive Grants · FY 2017 · 2017-01

The cell biology of the albumin-FcRn receptor recycling system. The aim of this project is to define the cell biology of the albumin-FcRn (neonatal Fc receptor) recycling system. FcRn is a recycling membrane receptor that selectively protects serum proteins from intracellular degradation and prolongs their half-life. We will identify the key cell types involved in this recycling pathway, identify intracellular sites of ligand and FcRn interaction, assess the contribution of the haematopoietic system and determine ligand half-life in mice. Findings generated will reveal the basic biology of an important physiological receptor, and enable the exploitation of FcRn-receptor interactions for design of recombinant albumin fusion-based therapies. Field of research: 0601 - Biochemistry and Cell Biology

ARC National Competitive Grants · FY 2017 · 2017-01

Breeding echidnas in captivity. This project aims to provide novel insights into the cryptic and secretive mode of the reproduction of echidnas, and enable development of reliable methods for breeding them in captivity. There has not been a sustainable breeding program for echidnas in any zoo world-wide. This is needed because most studies on echidnas have all been field-based, and so not open to manipulation to answer key questions relevant to their conservation and survival. Using novel scientific results on the short-beaked echidna, the project will provide new knowledge relevant to monotreme conservation, research and education, and enable the development of reliable methods for breeding the critically endangered, long-beaked echidna in captivity. Field of research: 0502 - Environmental Science and Management