UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA

ARC National Competitive Grants · FY 2026 · 2026-01

The transgenerational nature of microplastic toxicity in mammals. A leading global concern is the upsurgence of degrading plastic in nature. Microplastic toxicity impairs fertility in the exposed generation, but it is not yet known whether these negative impacts linger from one generation to the next. Transgenerational microplastic toxicity is set to have far-reaching repercussions for population persistence. It is essential that this threat is examined and documented. This project includes a series of innovative investigations to fulfil this research gap. This research will be extremely beneficial to Australia. It will generate new knowledge on how degrading plastic waste will affect mammals, which is relevant to two critical areas (i) the conservation of threatened species and (ii) human health. Field of research: 3103 - Ecology Plastic pollution is one of the most widespread and enduring human alterations to all environmental niches across our planet’s surface. The potential for microplastics to negatively impact ecosystems and human health is catastrophic, and rivals that of other global threats, including climate change. As more plastic degrades and enters terrestrial ecosystems, the rate of microplastic consumption – for wildlife and humans alike – is set to rise. This is a global issue, but with UV radiation and high temperatures escalating plastic degradation rates, this new-age threat is of particular concern to Australia. We know that microplastic toxicity manifests in exposed individuals, leading to compromised health and cognition. However, we do not yet know whether the negative impacts of microplastic toxicity are transferred between generations. Our project addresses this precise research gap: it will elucidate the transgenerational nature of microplastic toxicity. Working with international researchers, we will study two mammal species, one native and one introduced, which will allow us to draw conclusions about how invasive species (that already pose a significant ecological threat) may fare compared to native species. Moreover, with the estimation that the average person ingests up to one credit card’s worth of plastic per week, we will learn how this generational “hangover” of microplastic toxicity may affect our own species.

ARC National Competitive Grants · FY 2026 · 2026-01

TRUTH TELLING IN THE GOLDFIELDS FOR 2029-2030. This project aims to model Truth-telling in preparation for Western Australia’s bicentenary through creating a collaborative, decolonised research process which ensures data sovereignty for First Nations participants and produces an overview history of the Goldfields region of Western Australia. This will inform new collection-based library practice, historical research and interpretation methods, and heritage management, and forthcoming commemorations across the nation. It will produce an exhibition in Kalgoorlie, and support state government Truth-telling through WA’s Sites of Truth Telling heritage program, while building a cohort of early career researchers with skills in history, heritage and interpretation. Field of research: 4501 - Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Culture, Language and History As Western Australia rapidly approaches the bicentenary of the British colonisation of Western Australia in 2029-2030, there is a pressing need to develop more inclusive forms of Australian history. This project aims to develop innovative forms of Truth-telling Australian history which centre First Nations voices through a partnership between historians, cultural institutions, government, and First Nations peoples. The project expects to produce the first overview history of the Goldfields region, exhibitions in Kalgoorlie and Perth, inform new collection-based library practice, historical research methods, and heritage management, and provide a guide for forthcoming commemorations across the nation and beyond. It will produce a range of benefits for the First Nations community.

ARC National Competitive Grants · FY 2026 · 2026-01

Bundled Cable Hydrodynamics for Subsea HVDC Electrical Systems. This project aims to develop models to improve the reliability of subsea HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current) cable bundles, which are increasingly used in the offshore wind industry and as interconnectors between countries to efficiently transport clean energy. Using physical experiments, numerical modelling, and Gaussian emulation, the project will generate high-quality data quantifying hydrodynamic forces and cable response, filling an existing gap in understanding about how ocean currents and waves interact with bundles on the seabed. The resulting insights will be used to inform new design guidelines, lowering the cost of HVDC cables and helping to futureproof thousands of kilometres of subsea cables connecting Australia and the world. Field of research: 4015 - Maritime Engineering High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) subsea electricity cables are essential infrastructure for projects like Marinus Link and Australia’s emerging offshore wind industry, enabling the transmission of renewable hydropower and offshore wind power into the national grid. However, major engineering challenges presently exist in cable design due to a lack of predictive models needed to determine when ocean waves and currents will induce cable movement, leading to abrasion, fatigue, and ultimately failure. Ocean forcing is now the leading cause of subsea cable failure, resulting in high repair costs and reduced system reliability. This research will address these challenges by combining laboratory experiments with advanced numerical simulations to improve understanding of HVDC cable behaviour under ocean forcing. The resulting engineering models will capture the effects of different cable configurations, supporting the design of cable bundles that remain stable during storm events and enabling the reliable, low-risk deployment of HVDC infrastructure in Australia’s challenging marine conditions. The project will collaborate with industry partners to co-develop targeted engineering guidance that informs international design standards. This will support the widespread adoption of research outcomes and strengthen Australia’s position in offshore energy transmission, whilst also aligning with national priorities in renewable energy and infrastructure resilience.

ARC National Competitive Grants · FY 2026 · 2026-01

Advanced retinal pulse wave analyser: Unveiling vascular biophysics. The project aims to develop an advanced platform for the study of pulse waves in the vascular network in the retina, where blood vessels can be directly imaged. We were the first to develop the retinal video photoplethysmography technique to extract pulse wave parameters. The project expects to significantly improve its analytical capability using advanced image and signal processing to provide high-fidelity full field characterisation of blood volume and vessel wall changes. The outcome will be a platform that will advance our understanding of retinal vascular biophysics and support mathematical modelling of vascular pulsation, with broader application to other biological/physical systems involving fluid flow through compliant conduits. Field of research: 3212 - Ophthalmology and Optometry Vascular pulse waves are mechanical waves that travel along vessel walls, driven by blood ejection from the heart. They offer insights into vascular biophysics and function, yet remain poorly understood due to influences from internal/external pressures, anatomical factors such as vessel wall structure, and physical factors such as blood pressure. In vivo measurements are key to advancing understanding. The project will develop an advanced image analytics platform to measure vessel pulse waves from videos of the human retina. The retina is ideal as its vessels are directly visible and influenced by intraocular and cerebrospinal fluid pressures. The platform will improve understanding of retinal vascular biophysics and support mathematical modelling of vascular pulsation, with broader relevance to other biological and physical systems such as lung airways and microfluidics devices. It may also help study changes linked to disease, aging, and intracranial pressure (ICP). Applications include early detection of cardiovascular disease, diabetic retinopathy, stroke risk, and non-invasive ICP prediction. This will not only benefit Australia but the world. Outcomes will support our partner, the Lions Eye Institute, in developing a handheld device for measuring ICP via the eye, reducing reliance on invasive procedures like lumbar puncture. Results will be shared via conferences, journals, and open-source code.

GrantConnect (Australian Government grants) · FY 2026 · 2026-01

Delivering the tools for eliminating rheumatic heart disease Category: Medical Research

ARC National Competitive Grants · FY 2026 · 2026-01

Identifying a New Plant Hormone to Boost Plant Performance. This project aims to discover the identity of an unknown plant hormone that controls diverse aspects of plant development including seed germination and responses to abiotic stress. This interdisciplinary project will leverage recent advances in our genetic resources and new chemical tools to reveal how plants produce, metabolise and respond to this new plant hormone. Expected outcomes of this project include a more complete understanding of the hormonal control of plant growth under variable environments, and how such growth responses can be manipulated. Benefits of this project include opportunities to improve plant performance by chemical or genetic approaches in diverse sectors such as food production and restoration ecology. Field of research: 3108 - Plant Biology Plants are the basis for the global food supply, and understanding how plants grow and develop is essential for breeding new varieties that can better tolerate unfavourable growth conditions. Chemical compounds that can increase the growth rate of plants, and mitigate the effects of environmental stress caused by high salinity or drought, are highly sought after by growers. This project aims to reveal the identity of an unknown plant hormone that is responsible for stimulating seed germination and seedling growth, which are crucial and vulnerable phases in the plant life cycle. Knowledge of this new hormone and its signalling mechanisms will enable more synchronised control of seed germination and improve crop yields through enhanced seedling establishment and growth rates, resulting in improved plant performance. The project will use innovative techniques in the biological and chemical sciences to generate new knowledge that will translate into new tools to improve productivity in horticultural, agricultural and biotechnology industries, which in turn will strengthen Australia’s economy. The discovery of this hormone will be a major scientific prize for Australia and build upon our strong international reputation in plant science research. The expected outcomes will be published in scientific journals and shared with the public through industry news, public lectures and media outreach.

ARC National Competitive Grants · FY 2026 · 2026-01

Fine-Grained Video Understanding and Retrieval . To effectively process the vast amount of video data generated in various sectors, this project aims to develop an advanced artificial intelligence system capable of identifying and retrieving precise moments in video based on text queries. By reasoning over both visual and auditory elements of video content, the system will enable automated, fine-grained video understanding and retrieval. It involves recognizing objects, people, actions, and events, understanding their spatial relationships and interactions over time, and integrating relevant context. This capability will be valuable in sectors such as homeland security, crime prevention, transportation, retail, and entertainment, enhancing operational efficiency and decision-making. Field of research: 4603 - Computer Vision and Multimedia Computation This project will develop an advanced artificial intelligence (AI) system that helps people search through long videos to find specific moments based on a written query. For example, if someone types “a person leaving a suspicious package in a crowded area,” the system will locate the exact part of the video where that action occurs. This is important because video is now a major source of data across many industries—including security, transport, construction, mining, retail, and media. Current systems are limited. They often ignore sound, miss key details, and cannot handle long or complex videos. This research will create an intelligent system that works more like the human brain—watching video, listening to sounds, and understanding how events unfold over time. This capability will unlock the value of video data, enhancing operational efficiency and decision-making across many sectors within Australia. it can support 24/7 surveillance to detect unauthorised access, suspicious activity or unattended objects. In mining, construction and industrial settings, it can detect equipment faults and unsafe behaviour. Environmental agencies can use it to track illegal dumping, monitor bushfires or observe habitat shifts. It also adds value in transport by analysing traffic flow and incidents. Across these domains, the system turns hours of unstructured footage into actionable insights, improving response times, reducing manual workload and enabling smarter decisions.

ARC National Competitive Grants · FY 2026 · 2026-01

Redefining pH and Advancing Electrolyte Thermodynamics using Ion Trios. No definition of pH is universally accepted even though it is the most commonly measured physicochemical quantity. This project aims to apply a recent breakthrough achieved for 3-ion solutions to the description of multicomponent electrolyte mixtures like seawater and many other industrially or environmentally important fluids. This project expects to quantify important reactions like the uptake of CO2 by the oceans more accurately than currently possible. Expected outcomes include new pH standards with uncertainties 10 times smaller than existing definitions, and software tools for predicting the properties of real-world solutions. This should provide benefits like CO2 capture by brine mineralisation, and CO2 conversion to clean fuels. Field of research: 4004 - Chemical Engineering This research project will advance our fundamental understanding of salt water solutions and provide new robust tools for predicting their key properties including pH. Currently, people are unable to reliably calculate the properties of real-world saline solutions unless they are very dilute and contain only one or two salts. An improved fundamental understanding of these solutions will enable scientists to predict the rate and impacts of climate change, including ocean acidification, and help standardise pH data measured under different conditions. It would also facilitate the development of new technologies like green hydrogen production from low grade water, CO2 conversion to green fuels and cost-effective negative emissions technologies such carbonate precipitation from the ocean, where CO2 concentrations are 150 times larger than in air. An improved understanding of concentrated electrolyte solutions would also benefit mining operations such as alumina recovery. The outcomes of this research will be promoted beyond academia through project websites, industry workshops, public lectures and social media. They will be made available in free software and be promoted through our collaborations with the ARC Centre of Excellence GETCO2. Research commercialisation opportunities, particularly for discoveries made around brine electrolysis into H2, CO2 conversion into renewable fuels, and mineral carbonation will also be pursued through patents and licenses as appropriate.

ARC National Competitive Grants · FY 2026 · 2026-01

Enabling low noise offshore foundation installation for renewable energy. This project aims to develop methods to confidently predict foundation installation for offshore renewable energy, a must for safe reliable operation. This is significant for these large infrastructure developments with each project costing tens of billions of dollars and hundreds of foundations accounting for a quarter of the cost. This project expects to directly link seabed information obtained offshore with fundamental new geotechnical insights to provide robust tools for a priori prediction. Expected outcomes include significantly reduced uncertainties of low noise foundation installation. This research should therefore lead to significant environmental, economic and societal benefits of affordable clean energy and generation of jobs. Field of research: 4005 - Civil Engineering Australia can be a renewable energy superpower and is transitioning to a net zero future. Wind energy is abundant offshore and expected to contribute to the future energy mix. These large infrastructure developments are subject to a regulatory framework that includes strict environmental approvals. Foundation solutions that reliably secure the turbines to the seabed with low noise emissions during the construction phase to minimise impact on our iconic marine mammals are urgently needed. Large diameter tubular steel monopiles have proven to be reliable economical foundations for offshore wind turbines in established markets overseas. Installing these by vibration rather than impact-hammering substantially reduces construction noise but this innovative installation technique has not been employed in the complex seabeds offshore Australia. This research aims to understand and develop methods to reliably and confidently predict foundation installation for Australian conditions. This research would benefit Australia economically, socially and environmentally. Offshore wind is a key clean energy technology with proven benefits of job creation, powering manufacturing and economic value-add. This research should therefore lead to significant societal benefits of affordable clean energy while contributing to building a secure and resilient nation. Our proven track record of dissemination beyond academia and uptake of research outcomes by industry ensures impact of this research.

ARC National Competitive Grants · FY 2026 · 2026-01

Uncovering Australia’s hidden minerals. Airborne electromagnetics is a crucial technology for mapping conductive minerals and water resources over large areas that cannot be covered with ground-based methods. This project aims to increase the accuracy of airborne electromagnetic surveys by precisely measuring the transmitter-receiver geometry. The project expects to help airborne surveys look under conductive overburden and better characterise highly conductive features such as massive nickel and copper sulphide deposits. Expected outcomes include the discovery of critical minerals and rare earth elements as well as water resource mapping. This should provide significant benefits to the mining and agricultural industries and contribute to the clean energy transformation. Field of research: 3706 - Geophysics The mining industry is a crucial part of the Australian economy but the rate of discovery of new economic deposits has been declining for decades. This is partly because of the difficulty in exploring for buried deposits under conductive overburden which covers 80% of the Australian continent. This project aims to substantially increase the sensitivity of airborne electromagnetic surveying instruments by reducing measurement uncertainty. This will enable airborne surveys to map under conductive overburden and detect deeply buried ore bodies. The new technology will increase the probability of discovering new strategic mineral resources including massive nickel and copper sulphides and rare earth elements. It will also improve the mapping of underground water, which is important to agriculture and the environment. As a partnership with a major airborne exploration company, a successful project could be translated into fully engineered systems for large scale surveys. In this way the research has a defined path to adoption and can be expected to lead to discovery of valuable resources needed for the transition to a net zero future. It offers a significant contribution to Australia’s future prosperity.

GrantConnect (Australian Government grants) · FY 2026 · 2026-01

Mantle mysteries: exploring mineral system through experiments Category: Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences (HASS) Research

ARC National Competitive Grants · FY 2026 · 2026-01

Geometric Innovation in Ramsey Theory: New Tools for Classic Challenges. Ramsey theory is a branch of mathematics that studies the counter-intuitive phenomenon that in a large chaotic network, there is a quantifiable degree of order within it. Recent breakthroughs in Ramsey theory of long-standing open problems make it one of the hottest topics in modern day mathematics. This is due in part to the exciting input of finite geometry: the study of geometries that only have finitely many points, lines, planes, and so forth. Finite geometers have bridged the divide and found geometric order within chaos, and have made spectacular improvements to what we know about the growth of Ramsey graphs. This project aims to exploit this further and accelerate the development of geometric tools in Ramsey Theory. Field of research: 4904 - Pure Mathematics The impact of this project will be in making important advancements in theoretical pure mathematics, thereby enabling further advancement in a range of scientific fields that increasingly rely upon ground breaking developments in mathematics. As Galileo famously said, "Mathematics is the language of science", and the role of mathematics in scientific discovery is becoming ever greater, with excellent examples found in areas as disparate as modern biology, cyber-security, and particle physics. Advances in science and technology are usually underpinned by earlier advances in mathematics. This project will make progress in our understanding of the emergence of order in large networks. It will enhance Australia's international reputation in these areas by producing publications in leading international journals and by maintaining a thriving research community through the training of young mathematicians and collaboration with leading international mathematicians.

ARC National Competitive Grants · FY 2026 · 2026-01

Designing resilient nature-based coastal protection on mobile seabeds. Sea-level rise and increasing extreme storm events have accelerated demand for artificial reefs to protect against coastal flooding and erosion, with significant research effort being focused on how modular reefs can be optimally configured to attenuate waves and provide marine habitat. Much of this work has, however, ignored the fact that reefs are susceptible to local scour and settlement over time, which can adversely affect their wave attenuation and ecological performance, and may damage surrounding habitat. To enable resilient design, this project will use novel experiments and field observations to develop validated approaches to predict and mitigate local scour of modular reefs, supporting development of new design guidelines. Field of research: 4015 - Maritime Engineering Australia faces increasing risks from coastal erosion and inundation due to sea-level rise and more frequent storm events. With over 85% of the population living in coastal regions, protecting our shorelines is critical for economic, environmental, and social well-being. Artificial reefs have emerged as a promising nature-based solution, offering dual benefits of coastal protection and marine habitat enhancement. However, their long-term performance depends on how local sediment erosion – known as scour - influences their stability and settlement over time, compromising their ability to protect coastlines. This research will advance the science of artificial reefs by combining laboratory experiments and field studies to identify reef designs resilient to scour, and strategies to maintain reef stability as they evolve into living habitats. The findings will support more sustainable coastal management, reducing reliance on costly, disruptive hard infrastructure like seawalls, while contributing to national priorities in marine conservation, biodiversity, and fisheries productivity. Outcomes will benefit coastal communities, infrastructure, and industries such as tourism and aquaculture, all of which rely on stable, healthy shorelines. By developing design guidelines tailored to Australian conditions, this research will empower policymakers, industry, and coastal managers with practical tools to strengthen coastal protection in a changing climate.

GrantConnect (Australian Government grants) · FY 2026 · 2026-01

How the land became Country: the archaeology of people and trees in... Category: Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences (HASS) Research

ARC National Competitive Grants · FY 2026 · 2026-01

Causes and consequences of post-ejaculatory sperm phenotypic plasticity. This project will explore the causes and consequences of sperm phenotypic plasticity and gene expression, thus challenging the fundamental assumption that spermatozoa are simple DNA-delivery machines. The project will build on exciting developments in sperm biology and the availability of a uniquely suitable marine invertebrate system that offer opportunities to test this long-standing ‘silent sperm’ paradigm. Expected outcomes include a revision of our understanding of gene expression in mature sperm, and data that explore the evolutionary implications of haploid selection. Benefits will be relevant across a range of sectors, from assisted reproduction, fertility, and the resilience of populations to environmental change. Field of research: 3104 - Evolutionary Biology Until recently, sperm were regarded as unchangeable cells, with fixed behaviours that allow them to achieve the ‘simple’ job of delivering paternal DNA to an egg. However, recent evidence has accumulated that sperm cells can substantially change their behaviour in different environments, and, unexpectedly, that such responses are accompanied by changes to the sperm’s genetic material. These observations raise the intriguing question of whether sperm can express their genes – an idea once thought impossible – in order to respond adaptively to their environment. This project will test these ideas in marine invertebrates, where sperm are experiencing more frequent environmental stresses such as marine heatwaves. The possibility that the behaviour of sperm is controlled by their genes has profound evolutionary and practical implications. At an evolutionary scale, understanding the capacity of externally released sperm to respond to changes in the environment is critical for predicting the resilience of marine organisms to the threat of climate change. At a practical level, knowledge accrued through this research can be applied to industries and clinical practices where sperm are often exposed to a range of storage environments prior to fertilisation (e.g. assisted reproduction). The applicants will promote their findings to the clinical and animal production sectors to pursue translational benefits such as improved sperm treatment for reproductive success.

GrantConnect (Australian Government grants) · FY 2026 · 2026-01

Agentic Learning for Efficient and Generalisable Visual Grounding Category: Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences (HASS) Research

ARC National Competitive Grants · FY 2026 · 2026-01

Quantifying ocean heat transport pathways at Ningaloo in a changing climate. This project will address the risk of extreme warming events at Ningaloo by quantifying the ocean heat transport between the Indian Ocean and the Ningaloo Coast through the utilisation of new observations and the development of a novel data-driven predictive ocean circulation model. This project will generate knowledge about how climate change will affect heat transport and retention at the Ningaloo Coast. Expected outcomes include a next-generation data-driven model that captures the full range of processes that drive coastal ocean heat transport and, importantly, quantifies uncertainty. This model will enable the identification of high-risk coastal regions as well as areas of thermal refugia, guiding protection and restoration activities. Field of research: 3708 - Oceanography Coastal oceans are the transition zone between the land and ocean basins, contributing to Australia’s economic and cultural wealth. The open oceans have absorbed more than 90% of the excess heat from Earth's climate system, leading to a warming trend and short-term extreme and destructive events, called marine heatwaves. There is an urgent need to plan and adapt for increasingly prevalent, high-risk marine heatwave events in the coastal ocean, but we require reliable quantification of the fine-scale heat transport processes. In this project oceanographers and statisticians will develop an innovative data-driven model to overcome the current deficiencies in coastal ocean heat transport prediction. We will use targeted, multi-platform observation data collected with an awarded 35-day RV Investigator voyage to the Ningaloo Coast – the world’s largest, and UN World Heritage listed, fringing coral reef that is currently recovering from ecosystem damage inflicted during a marine heatwave in the summer of 2024/25. We will communicate our new knowledge of heating and cooling processes at Ningaloo with marine managers to identify both high-risk regions and thermal refugia. Our national collaboration will facilitate incorporation of our new data-driven model framework into Australia-wide coastal prediction models. These models provide decision-making capabilities for maritime safety, offshore energy, defence, shipping, fisheries, climate adaptation and ecosystem managers.

GrantConnect (Australian Government grants) · FY 2026 · 2026-01

Mapping and forecasting to counter biological threats to malaria control... Category: Medical Research

GrantConnect (Australian Government grants) · FY 2026 · 2026-01

Enhancing Suicide Prevention and Mental Health Supports for Young People... Category: Medical Research

GrantConnect (Australian Government grants) · FY 2026 · 2026-01

Fine-Grained Video Understanding and Retrieval Category: Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences (HASS) Research

GrantConnect (Australian Government grants) · FY 2026 · 2026-01

Quantifying ocean heat transport pathways at Ningaloo in a changing... Category: Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences (HASS) Research

GrantConnect (Australian Government grants) · FY 2026 · 2026-01

Pioneering synthetic gene circuits for next-generation crop protection Category: Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences (HASS) Research

GrantConnect (Australian Government grants) · FY 2026 · 2026-01

Identifying common features of the alloresponse to solid organ... Category: Medical Research

ARC National Competitive Grants · FY 2026 · 2026-01

Molecular Dance: Choreographing Stimuli-Responsive Materials with Pressure. This project aims to develop flexible, responsive, and energy-efficient electronics using molecular materials. The project will use pressure to fine-tune interactions between molecules and create new design paradigms for molecular electronics. The expected outcomes include a deeper understanding of how pressure modulates both intra- and intermolecular interactions, and how these modifications translate to bulk properties. This research has the potential to transform how we interact with technology and lead to the development of new technologies in areas such as sensors, electronics, and energy harvesting. Field of research: 3402 - Inorganic Chemistry We stand at the edge of a new era in electronics. Wearable devices, personalised healthcare, and environmental monitoring are booming, requiring flexible, energy-efficient technology. However, today’s rigid, power-hungry electronics cannot meet these demands. Molecular electronics offers a transformative solution, but despite decades of research, its full potential remains untapped. A shift in approach is needed to harness the properties of single molecules for high-performance, flexible devices. The key challenge is that while we can design molecules with specific properties—such as conductance, switching, and light emission—these properties often vanish when molecules are assembled into solids within conventional devices. This research takes a novel approach, developing new molecules and manipulating their interactions by applying pressure to bridge the gap between molecular design and material properties. The impact could be enormous. Solid-state materials have generated trillions in economic value, with the semiconductor market alone expected to reach $700 billion by 2027. Establishing a roadmap for piezoelectric and other pressure-responsive molecular materials will position Australia to drive innovation in fields like sensors, electronics and energy harvesting. By collaborating with end-users and leveraging IP licensing, this research will support Australia's advanced manufacturing and technology innovation sectors.

GrantConnect (Australian Government grants) · FY 2026 · 2026-01

Enabling low noise offshore foundation installation for renewable energy Category: Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences (HASS) Research